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- (apt-get) Install emacs-intl-fonts and all the packages it suggests.
- Ensure that bdf-directory-list knows about these fonts: (add-to-list ‘bdf-directory-list “/usr/share/emacs/fonts/bdf”)
- Restart X, or else, type xset fp rehash.
- Restart emacs (in windowed mode).
- In a buffer of choice, type C-x RET C-\ devanagari-itrans. This sets your input method. Later, type C-\ to toggle between hindi and english.
- Type away the phonetic roman equivalents of the Hindi words, and they will appear in hindi.
- When in the hindi-input mode, typing any special characters like % or ‘, etc., make emacs go into an infinite self-insert loop -- pressa bunch of C-g’s to get rid of that.
- To convert a piece of hindi text into its phonetic roman equivalent or vice versa, use M-x devanagari-(encode/decode)-itrans-region. As you will soon find out, that conversion is not perfect and has minor bugs.
- When you reload a file in which you had typed some hindi, the characters are disjoint and not formed into words. To convert them back, this works for me: M-x indian-to-devanagari-region, followed by M-x devanagari-compose-region.
- See many other useful functions in your emacs’ devan-utils.el and devanagari.el.
Printing your buffer
- Install intlfonts from here: http://directory.fsf.org/localization/intlfonts.html : Download file, uncompress it, type ./configure followed by ‘make install’ – this will send them to their default directory: /use/local/share/emacs/fonts/
- Add this to your .gnomerc, or .xsessionrc, as appropriate:
- xset +fp /usr/local/share/emacs/fonts
- xset fp rehash
- Also eval the above 2 lines for the current session.
- Note that intlfonts here and emacs-intl-fonts above seem to have things not in common, so probably best to use both.
- Instead of the above step, You could also modify your XF86config-4 manually to frob the font path there, but note that if you go this route, this file will stop getting auto-updated from then on when you upgrade your debian xserver-xfree86 package.
- Next, add this to InitFile and restart emacs: (setq ps-multibyte-buffer ‘bdf-font-except-latin)
- Your default value for bdf-directory-list already contains the above font-path, but if you installed the fonts elsewhere, ensure that bdf-directory-list knows about that path.
- Now, the only problem remaining is that the printout is not as pretty as the typed in text: In the printout, The letters comprising a word aren’t joined together, which takes away from the beauty of typed hindi.
With many thanks to fledermaus and tintin on #emacs.
See also PrintingBdfFonts
CVS Emacs
CVSEmacs with the CDAC fonts can render devanagiri characters. The CDAC fonts are given below. Both Xorg (6.9.0.dfsg.1-4) as well as XFree86 (4.2) support the fonts.
Try having these for cvs emacs seems to help half way.(works perfectly in xfree86. xorg needs a bug fix)
It seems to work in Xorg now. Version 6.9.0.dfsg.1-4.
The cdac fonts which can be found here:
Get the fonts and then use the makefile to extract the pcf and bdf fonts. You might need to use mkfontdir to create a fonts.dir. Add the directory to xorg.conf (or the font server config).
(load-library "quail/indian")
(set-fontset-font "fontset-standard"
(cons (decode-char 'ucs ?\x0900) (decode-char 'ucs ?\x097F))
"-freetype-untitled-medium-r-normal--33-240-100-100-p-163-iso10646.indian-1")
(set-fontset-font "fontset-standard"
(cons (indian-glyph-char 0 'devanagari) (indian-glyph-char 255 'devanagari))
"-freetype-dv ttsuresh-medium-r-normal-33-240-100-100-p-119-devanagari-cdac")
(toggle-input-method)
It does not seem to be necessary to mess with quail. You can create a new fontset. I prefer doing this in Xresources. So, the fontset will look like: (only the last two are important for Hindi)
Emacs.Fontset-0:-xos4-terminus-*-r-normal-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-iso10646-1, \
chinese-gb2312:-*-fangsong ti-medium-r-normal--*-*-*-*-*-*-gb2312.1980-*, \
unicode-mono:-gnu-unifont-medium-r-normal--16-160-75-75-c-80-iso10646-1, \
unicode-wide:-gnu-unifont-medium-r-normal--16-160-75-75-c-80-iso10646-1, \
mule-unicode-0100-24ff:-freetype-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-devanagari-cdac, \
indian-glyph:-freetype-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-devanagari-cdac
- C-u C-x = on a Hindi character in the HELLO file yields
mule-unicode-0100-24ff but adding indian-glyph can’t hurt.
CVS Emacs (emacs-23)
If you install m17n-lib 1.5 or above [www.m17n.org] along with lohit devanagari font, emacs can display hindi very well
CategoryInternationalization